Εμφάνιση αναρτήσεων με ετικέτα air pollution. Εμφάνιση όλων των αναρτήσεων
Εμφάνιση αναρτήσεων με ετικέτα air pollution. Εμφάνιση όλων των αναρτήσεων

Τετάρτη 30 Ιανουαρίου 2013

Air pollution champion: China burns more coal than rest of world combined

China burns almost as much coal as the rest of the world combined, the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) has reported. China’s coal use is poised to continue rising, despite the country's rapidly deteriorating environment, experts predicted.
­The latest EIA report revealed that China's coal consumption grew more than 9 percent in 2011, continuing its upward trend for a 12th consecutive year. Since 2000, the country has accounted for more than 80 percent of the global increase in coal use, the EIA reported. China currently accounts for 47 percent of global coal consumption, nearly totaling the rest of the world combined.



Image from eia.gov
Image from eia.gov
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Coal remains the most widely used energy source in China due to its low cost – the country is the largest user of coal electricity in the world. Along with its own vast coal resources – about 114 billion tons produced as of 2011 according to the World Coal Association – China also imports large quantities of coal, since the country's coal-mining regions are often far from the areas where it is in demand. "The Asian market is the fastest-growing coal market in the world," Brookings Institution energy analyst Charles Ebinger told Mother Jones magazine. 
China's heavy use of coal is believed to be one of the reasons the capital Beijing recently witnessed its worst air pollution in years. For two weeks, Beijing's air was labeled worse than “very unhealthy” and “hazardous.” Authorities have closed 103 factories and taken 30 percent of government vehicles off the roads, but with little effect.
Air pollution in China hit a record high earlier this month: 30 to 45 times above recommended safety levels. Beijing itself became blanketed in a thick, toxic cloud that grounded flights and forced people indoors.
Vehicles drive through the Guomao Bridge on a heavy haze day in Beijing′s central business district January 29, 2013.(Reuters / Jason Lee)
Vehicles drive through the Guomao Bridge on a heavy haze day in Beijing's central business district January 29, 2013.(Reuters / Jason Lee)
The report is the highest-level acknowledgment to date of the hazardous air quality levels across much of China.
"We should take effective measures to speed up the enhancement of our industrial structure, push for energy conservation and build an ecological civilization," Chinese premier Wen Jiabao announced on state television.
However, the measures undertaken by the Chinese government do not include replacing coal production and consumption with more environmentally friendly sources of energy. Rather, the IEA predicted the opposite: Coal consumption will grow not only in China, but also in India and other developing economies, and this trend will prevail until clean energy prices can compete with coal.
Notably, wind power recently surpassed nuclear power production in China, and is now the country’s third-biggest source of electricity, second to hydropower, according to a recent report by the China Wind Energy Association.

.rt.com
30/01/13
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Buildings and cars are pictured on a heavy hazy day during winter in Beijing′s central business district, January 30, 2013.(Reuters / Jason Lee)
Buildings and cars are pictured on a heavy hazy day during winter in Beijing's central business district, January 30, 2013.(Reuters / Jason Lee)
Visitors take pictures on Tiananmen Square during a foggy day in central Beijing, January 29, 2013.(Reuters / China Daily)
Visitors take pictures on Tiananmen Square during a foggy day in central Beijing, January 29, 2013.(Reuters / China Daily)
A combination photograph shows people wearing masks on a heavy haze day during winter in Beijing January 29, 2013.(Reuters / Jason Lee)
A combination photograph shows people wearing masks on a heavy haze day during winter in Beijing January 29, 2013.(Reuters / Jason Lee)

Κυριακή 13 Ιανουαρίου 2013

Οι Ευρωπαίοι υποφέρουν από την ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση

Ευθύνεται για τον πρόωρο θάνατο 420 χιλιάδων ανθρώπων ετησίως - Ο Ευρωπαϊκός Οργανισμός Περιβάλλοντος έχει υπολογίσει πως η μετάβαση σε καθαρές μορφές μετακίνησης -όπως η ηλεκτροκίνηση, καθώς και άλλα αντιρρυπαντικά μέτρα- θα μπορούσαν να μειώσουν τους πρόωρους θανάτους
Η ΚΟΜΙΣΙΟΝ ζητά εκσυγχρονισμό της νομοθεσίας με γνώμονα τα νέα στοιχεία και υπολογίζει ότι, με κόστος 20% του συνολικού κόστους της ρύπανσης, μπορούν να επιτευχθούν οικονομικά οφέλη 75%

Τα κράτη της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης βρίσκονται πολύ πίσω στη λήψη μέτρων καταπολέμησης της ατμοσφαιρικής ρύπανσης, η οποία υπολογίζεται ότι ευθύνεται για τον πρόωρο θάνατο 420.000 ανθρώπων ετησίως.



Ο Επίτροπος Περιβάλλοντος Γιάνες Ποτότσνικ την περασμένη Τρίτη, στο πλαίσιο συνεδρίου που διοργάνωσε το Ευρωπαϊκό Γραφείο Περιβάλλοντος (European Environmental Bureau - EEB), επιβεβαίωσε ότι η ΕΕ βρίσκεται πολύ πίσω από τους στόχους, ότι οι Ευρωπαίοι “υποφέρουν” και ότι οι ρυθμίσεις που θεσπίστηκαν στα τέλη της δεκαετίας του 1990 δεν έχουν γίνει σεβαστά.
Ως συνέπεια των παραπάνω, η υγεία των κατοίκων της ΕΕ υποβαθμίζεται, ενώ τα κόστη για ασφαλιστικά ταμεία και εταιρείες εκτοξεύονται.
Ο Ευρωπαϊκός Οργανισμός Περιβάλλοντος έχει υπολογίσει πως η μετάβαση σε καθαρές μορφές μετακίνησης -όπως η ηλεκτροκίνηση, καθώς και άλλα αντιρρυπαντικά μέτρα- θα μπορούσαν να μειώσουν τους πρόωρους θανάτους από την ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση σε 230.000 ώς το 2020.
Το οικονομικό κόστος της ρύπανσης υπολογίζεται σε 630 δισ. ευρώ σε ιατρική περίθαλψη και φροντίδα και σε 169 δισ. ευρώ από μειωμένη παραγωγικότητα.
Αντίστοιχα, η έκθεση Climate Vulnerability Monitor, που εκπονούν η ΜΚΟ Dara και το Climate Vulnerable Forum, υπολογίζουν ότι κλιματική αλλαγή και ρύπανση μειώνουν το παγκόσμιο ΑΕΠ κατά 1,6% ετησίως ή κατά 917 δισ. ευρώ.

Η Κομισιόν ζητά εκσυγχρονισμό της νομοθεσίας με γνώμονα τα νέα στοιχεία και υπολογίζει ότι με κόστος 20% του συνολικού κόστους της ρύπανσης μπορούν να επιτευχθούν οικονομικά οφέλη 75%.
Ευρωβαρόμετρο για ρύπανση

ΕΝ ΤΩ ΜΕΤΑΞΥ, έρευνα του Ευρωβαρόμετρου δείχνει πως το 72% των Ευρωπαίων πολιτών δεν είναι ικανοποιημένοι από τη δουλειά των αρμόδιων Αρχών στη βελτίωση της ποιότητας του αέρα, το 79% πιστεύει ότι η ΕΕ θα έπρεπε να θεσπίσει συμπληρωματικά μέτρα, ενώ το 56% πιστεύει ότι την τελευταία δεκαετία η ποιότητα του αέρα έχει χειροτερέψει.

Όσον αφορά στην επιδείνωση της ποιότητας του αέρα την τελευταία δεκαετία, το ποσοστό είναι ιδιαίτερα υψηλό στην Ιταλία (81%), αλλά επίσης σε Κύπρο, Γαλλία, Ελλάδα, Ουγγαρία, Ρουμανία και Ισπανία (70%-75%).
Στην έρευνα, όπου συμμετείχαν 25.000 πολίτες από τις 27 χώρες-μέλη της ΕΕ, κατά κοινή εντύπωση η ατμόσφαιρα επιβαρύνεται από τα οχήματα (96%), τις βιομηχανίες (92%) και τις διεθνείς μεταφορές (86%), ενώ στην αντιμετώπιση της μόλυνσης θα πρέπει να δοθεί ιδιαίτερη σημασία στον βιομηχανικό και ενεργειακό τομέα (43%).
Οι Έλληνες ζητούν να ληφθούν πρόσθετα ευρωπαϊκά μέτρα, ενώ θεωρούν ότι η ρύπανση του αέρα επιβαρύνεται από τη βιομηχανία (94%), τις διεθνείς μεταφορές (88%), ιδιαίτερα από τα λύμματα της γεωργίας (όπου σημειώνουμε το υψηλότερο ποσοστό με 93%) και την ενεργειακή κατανάλωση των νοικοκυριών (80%).
Στο γενικό ερώτημα περί της ενημέρωσης επί των θεμάτων που σχετίζονται με τη μόλυνση του αέρα, οι Έλληνες περίπου διχάζονται - «πολύ» και «καλά ενημερωμένοι» δηλώνουν κατά 41%, ενώ «όχι καλά» και «καθόλου» δηλώνει το 59%. Ωστόσο, στο παρεπόμενο ερώτημα, αν γνωρίζουν ότι υπάρχουν ευρωπαϊκές προδιαγραφές ποιότητας του αέρα, οι Έλληνες εμφανίζουν άγνοια, καθώς θετικά απαντά μόλις το 11%, το χαμηλότερο ποσοστό, με μέσο ευρωπαϊκό ποσοστό το 25%. Στο ερώτημα όμως αν γνωρίζουν ότι υπάρχουν εθνικά ανώτατα όρια εκπομπών, οι Έλληνες παρουσιάζουν καλύτερη ενημέρωση καθώς θετικά απαντά το 33%. 
 .sigmalive.com/simerini/environment
13/1/13
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ΣΧΕΤΙΚΑ:

Heavy smog shrouds Beijing for 3rd day

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Air pollution in Beijing has reached dangerous levels for a third day. On Sunday, the municipal government issued a warning on its website for PM 2.5 readings. 

Real-time monitoring data shows the air quality index was as high as 500 in most parts of the city, with some above 900. An AQI reading below 50 indicates excellent air quality; above 100 is light pollution.


 The smog is expected to last another three days, as weather conditions are preventing the pollutants from dispersing. The public are advised to stay indoors and to avoid strenuous exercise.
 .cntv.cn
13/1/13
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Σάββατο 12 Ιανουαρίου 2013

Air pollution in Beijing reaches 'health hazard' levels (VIDEO, PHOTOS RT)


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Air pollution in the Chinese capital has hit dangerous marks, reaching beyond the permissible level of pollution on the local environmental center’s scale. Beijing residents are recommended to stay indoors by local authorities.
The Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center has reported the rising of air-quality indices since Friday in many parts of the city.

A warning scrolled across the monitoring center's website says that the density of PM 2.5 had reached 700 micrograms per cubic meter in many parts of Beijing and that the polluted air was expected to linger for the next three days.
The index indicates the level of airborne PM 2.5 particulates, at which particle matters are considered the most harmful to health. Air is considered good when the index is at 50 or below, but hazardous with a reading between 301 and 500, when people are warned to avoid outdoor physical activities.
The city’s authorities have blamed a lack of wind and foggy conditions for the high concentration of air pollutants.
“It is expected that air pollution in Beijing will remain heavy during the daytime today… people are advised to stay indoors as much as possible,” China’s state TV quoted Beijing’s environmental protection center as saying on Friday.
According to rules issued by the city’s government in December, all outdoor sports activities are to stop and factories have to reduce production if Beijing's official air-quality reading goes over 500.
Meanwhile, according to a Twitter account run by the US embassy in Beijing,air quality ratings for the city have ranged between “very unhealthy” and “hazardous” since Thursday, and reached the “beyond index” mark during Saturday afternoon. Monitors there recorded off-the-chart air-quality readings as high as 845 at 8pm on Saturday.
Readings are often different in different parts of Beijing. Chinese authorities and the United States also have different ways to calculate the air quality index, although their indices are "highly similar" at the two ends of the spectrum, according to the founder of the nongovernmental Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs in Beijing, Ma Jun.
For comparison, on Friday the 9pm readings for PM2.5 and ozone in Hong Kong’s Central and Western districts, among the most polluted on the island, were around 60 and 20 respectively, according to the website of Hong Kong’s Environmental Protection Department.
Air pollution is believed to be one of the major problems in China with its fast pace of industrialization, reliance on coal power and quick growth in car ownership. Due to polluted air Beijing is often covered with dense smog, while its many residents suffer from respiratory problems.
Several other cities, including Tianjin on the coast east of Beijing and southern China's Wuhan city also reported severe pollution over the last several days.
.rt.com
12/1/13
A man walks along trees on a heavy haze winter day in central Beijing, January 12, 2013 (Reuters / Jason Lee)
A man walks along trees on a heavy haze winter day in central Beijing, January 12, 2013 (Reuters / Jason Lee)
A woman wearing a mask walks on a street during severe pollution in Beijing on January 12, 2013 (AFP Photo / Ed Jones)
A woman wearing a mask walks on a street during severe pollution in Beijing on January 12, 2013 (AFP Photo / Ed Jones)
A woman wearing a mask crosses a street during severe pollution in Beijing on January 12, 2013 (AFP Photo / Ed Jones)
A woman wearing a mask crosses a street during severe pollution in Beijing on January 12, 2013 (AFP Photo / Ed Jones)
Severe pollution clouds the Beijing skyline on January 12, 2013 (AFP Photo / Ed Jones)
Severe pollution clouds the Beijing skyline on January 12, 2013 (AFP Photo / Ed Jones)
An infant wearing a mask (C) is carried along a street in severe pollution in Beijing on January 12, 2013 (AFP Photo / Ed Jones)
An infant wearing a mask (C) is carried along a street in severe pollution in Beijing on January 12, 2013 (AFP Photo / Ed Jones)
A cyclist wearing a mask prepares to cross a road during severe pollution in Beijing on January 12, 2013 (AFP Photo / Ed Jones)
A cyclist wearing a mask prepares to cross a road during severe pollution in Beijing on January 12, 2013 (AFP Photo / Ed Jones)
People walk during a heavily hazy winter day in central Beijing, January 12, 2013 (Reuters / Jason Lee)
People walk during a heavily hazy winter day in central Beijing, January 12, 2013 (Reuters / Jason Lee)
Pedestrians wearing masks wait to cross a road during severe pollution in Beijing on January 12, 2013 (AFP Photo / Ed Jones)
Pedestrians wearing masks wait to cross a road during severe pollution in Beijing on January 12, 2013 (AFP Photo / Ed Jones)
People walk on a pedestrian bridge on a very hazy winter day in Beijing January 12, 2013 (Reuters / Jason Lee)
People walk on a pedestrian bridge on a very hazy winter day in Beijing January 12, 2013 (Reuters / Jason Lee)
Vehicles drive on the Third Ring Road on a very hazy winter day in Beijing January 12, 2013 (Reuters / Jason Lee)
Vehicles drive on the Third Ring Road on a very hazy winter day in Beijing January 12, 2013 (Reuters / Jason Lee)

Οι νεκροί Έλληνες στα μακεδονικά χώματα σάς κοιτούν με οργή

«Παριστάνετε τα "καλά παιδιά" ελπίζοντας στη στήριξη του διεθνή παράγοντα για να παραμείνετε στην εξουσία», ήταν η κατηγορία πο...